Obstructive group | Non-obstructive group | ||||
(%FEV1 ≤ 70%, n = 22) | (%FEV1 > 70%, n = 33) | ||||
Clinical factors | Total | COPD | Smoker | Non-smoker | |
(n = 55) | (C-group, n = 22) | (S-group, n = 10) | (N-group, n = 23) | ||
Tiotropium | Tiotropium | Control | |||
Age | Mean ± SD | 69.1 ± 7.8 | 74.2 ± 4.9 | 68.8 ± 6.3 | 64.4 ± 7.9 |
range | 47 - 84 | 66 - 84 | 58 - 79 | 47 - 77 | |
Gender | Male | 27 | 15 | 6 | 6 |
Female | 28 | 7 | 4 | 17 | |
Smoking history | Smoker | 16 | 6 | 10 | |
Non-smoker | 39 | 16 | 23 | ||
COPD (GOLD stages) | 0 | 21 | 6 | 15 | |
1 | 21 | 9 | 4 | 8 | |
2 | 13 | 13 | |||
Histology | Adenocarcinoma | 42 | 16 | 5 | 21 |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 12 | 6 | 5 | 1 | |
Large cell carcinoma | 1 | 1 | |||
Operative procedure | Lobectomy | 53 | 22 | 8 | 23 |
Bilobectomy | 2 | 2 | |||
Lobectomy site | Right side | 33 | 14 | 6 | 13 |
Upper lobe | 13 | 6 | 2 | 5 | |
Upper-middle lobe | 1 | 1 | |||
Middle lobe | 3 | 3 | |||
Middle-lower lobe | 1 | 1 | |||
Lower lobe | 15 | 8 | 2 | 5 | |
Left side | 22 | 8 | 4 | 10 | |
Upper lobe | 14 | 5 | 2 | 7 | |
Lower lobe | 8 | 3 | 2 | 3 | |
Pathological stage | IA | 32 | 12 | 5 | 15 |
IB | 9 | 4 | 2 | 3 | |
IIA | |||||
IIB | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
IIIA | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | |
IIIB | 1 | 1 | |||
IV | 1 | 1 |